Project solutions

Water treatment plant

Treatment plants are full of water-retaining concrete: clarifiers, filters and clear-water reservoirs. Any part that holds drinking water needs linings and sealants whose data sheet allows drinking-water contact.

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Solutions in build order

What this project needs, step by step

Basement wall and base slab of waterproofed concrete holding back ground water, with a waterstop in the wall-slab joint

Waterproof (watertight) concrete For basements, water tanks, pools and sewage works, make the concrete itself resist water with a low water–cement ratio, an integral waterproofing admixture and sealed construction joints. This is for new pours; it cannot fix a structure that already leaks. 7 steps

Two concrete slabs on columns with a gap between them sealed with orange sealant over a round foam rod

Building expansion and movement joints The gaps between building blocks, slabs, walls and roofs that let the structure expand, shrink and settle. They need a sealant or tape matched to the movement, a correctly sized joint and a backer rod, or water gets in and edges break. 7 steps

Pipe passing through a concrete floor slab with an orange sealing collar round it and orange sealant at the top

Pipe and service penetrations Pipes, ducts and cables passing through basement walls, tank walls, roofs and fire-rated floors are weak points for water and fire. Seal each one for its job: watertight, weathertight, fire-rated, or a simple interior gap. 6 steps

Two treatment plant tanks: a covered clean-water tank with a thin lining and an open settling tank with a thick lining

Water & wastewater treatment plants Clarifiers, filter beds, clear-water reservoirs and process tanks need watertight concrete, sealed joints and the right lining for each water type. Drinking-water compartments take only products approved for potable contact. 6 steps

Section of an underground concrete water tank in wet soil, lined on the inside, with joint waterbars and a sealed pipe

Underground water tank Below-ground tanks leak out when full and let groundwater or dirty water seep in when empty. Plug and repair, then line the inside with a drinking-water coating; on new tanks, build watertight concrete and joints first. 7 steps

Wall section with water-bearing soil outside; angled drilled packers inject resin into the crack from the dry inside face.

Leaking cracks & active water seepage Cracks and holes that let water through basement walls, tanks, roof slabs or retaining walls. First stop running water, then seal the crack with elastic injection, then waterproof the surface; rigid epoxy is not used while a crack is wet. 7 steps

Concrete beam with a square cut-out repair: cleaned steel bars coated, and repair mortar being trowelled in flush.

Spalling concrete (chhajja, balcony, beam, column) Concrete that cracks, bulges and falls away, usually with rusty steel behind it, on chhajjas, balcony slabs, beams, columns and tank slabs. This guide follows the EN 1504 sequence: remove, protect the steel, rebuild, seal and protect. 7 steps

Concrete sump in the ground with a continuous protective lining inside, holding liquid fed by a dripping pipe.

Chemical-resistant protection (tanks, bunds, sewage) Linings and coatings that protect concrete and steel from acids, sewage gases, fuels and industrial chemicals in treatment plants, chemical tanks, bunds and manholes. The coating is chosen for the actual chemicals, concentrations and temperatures, on a strong, prepared substrate. 7 steps

Concrete building facade half coated with a protective coating by a roller on a pole, with rain beading off.

Protective coatings & water repellents for concrete Coatings and impregnations that keep water, chlorides and carbon dioxide out of concrete facades, bridges, car parks and repaired structures. Choose a clear impregnation, an anti-carbonation coating or a crack-bridging coating to suit the exposure. 8 steps