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  • 72 step-by-step solutions
  • 22 project types
  • 12 building stages

What you need at each stage of building

From excavation to handover and maintenance: the work at each stage, the solutions to follow and the key products.

  1. Section of an excavation below the water table with a raft foundation and waterproofing laid under and around it.1

    Excavation & foundations

    Keep ground water and aggressive soil out of the foundations from day one. Once backfilled, mistakes here are hard and costly to reach.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Check ground water and soil Note the water table and any salty or aggressive soil before casting. These decide whether you need watertight concrete, tanking and outside protection. Foundations, footings and plinth
    2. Watertight foundation concrete Add a waterproofing admixture to new foundation concrete. Integral admixtures are for new concrete only; they do not repair an existing leak (06 F1). Waterproof (watertight) concreteFoundations, footings and plinthSikaControl-760Sika-1 PK · ask us
    3. Large rafts and deep pours A retarder extends the initial set so layers can be placed without cold joints (Sika Plastiretard TM 100 C2 RET PK p.1). Run a trial mix first. Mass concrete & set retardingSika Plastiretard TM 100 C2 RET PK · ask us
    4. Construction joints and pipe entries Seal construction joints and pipe entries with a swellable sealant or waterbar. Not for movement joints; keep at least 8 cm concrete cover (SikaSwell S-2 p.2). Foundations, footings and plinthPipe and service penetrationsSikaSwell S-2Sika Waterbar V-20 L SH · ask us
    5. Protect the soil side before backfill Coat the soil-side faces of footings, columns and plinth beams with a bituminous coating against aggressive soil and backfill (Sika Bitumen p.1). Foundations, footings and plinthRetaining wallsSika Bitumen
    6. Plinth and damp-proof mortar Use a waterproofing admixture in the plinth mortar and screed so ground moisture does not rise into the walls (Sikalite-101 PK p.1 lists mortars, screeds and renders). Rising damp in wallsSikalite-101 PK

    Foundations, footings and plinth →Waterproof (watertight) concrete →Mass concrete & set retarding →Pipe and service penetrations →Retaining walls →Rising damp in walls →

  2. Basement section with an outside waterproofing membrane, waterbars at the wall base and ground water in the soil.2

    Basement & retaining walls

    Basements below the water table need joints, tanking and outside protection before backfilling. Leaks found later have to be fixed from the inside, which is harder.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Watertight concrete and cast-in waterbars Waterproofing admixture in walls and slab; V-type waterbar at construction joints and O-type at expansion joints. Surface waterbars cannot be used under negative water pressure (Sika Waterbar O-20 SH p.2). Basement waterproofing from outside (positive side)Waterproof (watertight) concreteSikaControl-760Sika Waterbar V-20 L SH · ask usSika Waterbar O-20 SH · ask us
    2. Pipe and sleeve penetrations Fit a swellable profile or sealant around every pipe and steel section through the wall (SikaSwell P Profiles p.1). Swellables are not for movement joints (SikaSwell S-2 p.2). Pipe and service penetrationsSikaSwell P ProfilesSikaSwell S-2
    3. Tank the walls and slab Cementitious waterproofing slurry in 2 coats, on the water side or the inside face (06 S2). Concrete must be sound and clean. Basement waterproofing from outside (positive side)Retaining wallsSikaTop-107 Seal PKSikaSeal-105 PK
    4. Protect the soil side, then backfill Bituminous coating on the soil side of retaining walls and basements (Sika Bitumen p.1). Backfill carefully so the coating is not damaged. Retaining wallsSika Bitumen
    5. Lift pits and sumps Tank lift pits and sumps the same way. Plug running water first: SikaSet Waterplug is for non-moving cracks and holes with running water (SikaSet Waterplug p.1). Lift pits and drainage sumpsSikaSet Waterplug · ask usSikaTop-107 Seal PK
    6. Existing basement that leaks Stop active leaks first, then tank the inside face. Crack injection is for experienced professionals only (Sika Injection-306 p.1). Basement waterproofing from inside (negative side)Leaking cracks & active water seepageSika-4aSika Injection-306 · ask us

    Basement waterproofing from outside (positive side) →Basement waterproofing from inside (negative side) →Retaining walls →Waterproof (watertight) concrete →Pipe and service penetrations →Lift pits and drainage sumps →Leaking cracks & active water seepage →

  3. Concrete frame of a two-storey building with the top slab being poured on props from a pump line.3

    Concrete frame: columns, beams, slabs

    Workable, strong concrete in Pakistan's summer heat, good bonding at construction joints, and proper curing.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Mix for heat and long hauls Use a superplasticiser listed for hot weather and extended transport or placing times (Sika ViscoCrete-3110 PK p.1). Trial the mix with local cement and aggregates. Hot-weather concretingHigh-performance ready-mix concreteSika ViscoCrete-3110 PKSikament R4QV PK
    2. Congested steel and high flow For dense reinforcement or self-compacting concrete, use an admixture that lists those uses (Sika ViscoCrete-3110 star PK p.1). Self-compacting concrete (SCC)Sika ViscoCrete-3110 star PK
    3. Large pours: control the setting A retarder extends the initial set and the working time (Sika Retarder-47 PK p.1), so pours can continue without cold joints. Mass concrete & set retardingSika Plastiretard TM 100 C2 RET PK · ask usSika Retarder-47 PK · ask us
    4. Bond new concrete to old Structural epoxy bonding agent for fresh-to-hardened concrete, experienced professionals only (Sikadur-32 LP p.1); or an SBR bonding slurry for fresh to old concrete in non-structural work (SikaLatex-200 SBR PK p.1). Bonding new concrete or mortar to oldSikadur-32 LPSikaLatex-200 SBR PK · ask us
    5. Cure the concrete Keep concrete moist, or apply a curing compound straight after finishing, especially in summer sun and wind. Sikafloor ProSeal W is a curing compound for fresh concrete, for experienced professionals (Sikafloor ProSeal W p.1). Concrete curingSikafloor ProSeal W · ask us
    6. Cold nights in the north Where frost is expected, an antifreeze admixture lets concreting continue (SikaRapid-1 Antifreeze-PK p.1). Cold-weather concretingSikaRapid-1 Antifreeze-PK · ask us

    Hot-weather concreting →High-performance ready-mix concrete →Self-compacting concrete (SCC) →Mass concrete & set retarding →Bonding new concrete or mortar to old →Concrete curing →Cold-weather concreting →Precast concrete production →Exposed aggregate finish →

  4. Building frame filled with brick walls, one wall still being laid with fresh mortar between the courses.4

    Masonry, plaster & render

    Mortars and renders that keep rain out, bond well to concrete and brick, and do not crack.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Waterproof mortar and plaster Add a waterproofing admixture to cement/sand mortars, screeds and renders for walls and facades (Sikalite-101 PK p.1). Damp external walls (rain penetration)Sikalite-101 PKSika-1 PK · ask us
    2. Bond coat for plaster on concrete Use a bonding agent and mortar admixture where plaster goes onto smooth concrete (SikaLatex PK p.1). Bonding new concrete or mortar to oldSurface & plaster cracks (non-structural)SikaLatex PKSikaBond DV PK
    3. Level surfaces and fill blowholes Thin render to level surfaces and fill blowholes and fine honeycombing (SikaTop-121 p.1). Honeycombing, blowholes & voidsSikaTop-121 · ask usSika MonoTop-620
    4. Fill interior cracks before painting Acrylic filler for interior cracks and joints with low movement (Sikacryl-110 p.1). Surface & plaster cracks (non-structural)Sikacryl-110
    5. Water-repellent finish on exposed walls Colourless water-repellent treatment on brick, render, stone and concrete (Sikagard-700 S PK p.1). Apply between +5 °C and +30 °C (Sikagard-700 S PK p.2). Damp external walls (rain penetration)Sikagard-700 S PK
    6. Old walls with rising damp Inject a chemical damp-proof course into masonry walls (SikaMur InjectoCream-100 p.1), installed to the code of practice the data sheet names (SikaMur InjectoCream-100 p.2). Rising damp in wallsSikaMur InjectoCream-100

    Damp external walls (rain penetration) →Rising damp in walls →Surface & plaster cracks (non-structural) →Honeycombing, blowholes & voids →Bonding new concrete or mortar to old →

  5. Building section with a waterproof coating on the roof slab, turned up the parapets, being applied with a roller.5

    Roof & terraces

    Waterproof the roof slab before screed or as the final exposed layer, ideally before the monsoon. Parapets, outlets and chajjas need as much care as the open roof.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Check and prepare the slab Remove loose material, dust and failed old coatings. Concrete at least 28 days old (Sikalastic-560 GCC p.4), at least 25 N/mm² with 1.5 N/mm² pull-off for liquid membranes (06 S1, Sikalastic-510 p.2). Exposed roof waterproofing
    2. Seal cracks Fill non-structural cracks before waterproofing; maximum 10 mm (Sikadur-20 Crack Seal p.2). Exposed roof waterproofingSurface & plaster cracks (non-structural)Sikadur-20 Crack Seal · ask us
    3. Exposed roof membrane Liquid membrane for roofs that stay exposed. Sikalastic-510 PK is for non-trafficked areas (Sikalastic-510 PK p.1); no rising moisture under Sikalastic-560 GCC (p.3). Exposed roof waterproofingSikalastic-510 PKSikalastic-560 GCC · ask usSika Raingard
    4. Roof under screed or tiles Cementitious coating in 2 coats; where exposed to UV, protect it with 2-3 cm of screed (SikaTop-107 p.2). Roof waterproofing under screed or tilesSikaTop-107 Seal PK
    5. Terraces, balconies and planters Waterproof before tiling, then fix with an adhesive listed for outdoor floors (SikaCeram-205 PK p.1). Terrace and balcony waterproofingGreen roofs, roof gardens and plantersSikaTop-107 Seal PKSikaCeram-205 PK
    6. Parapets, chajjas, outlets and metal details Seal upstands and connections with an elastic sealant (Sikaflex Construction AP p.1). Prime metal flashings before the membrane; not for indoor use (Sikalastic Metal Primer p.1). Parapets, copings and chajjasSikaflex Construction AP · ask usSikalastic Metal Primer · ask us

    Exposed roof waterproofing →Roof waterproofing under screed or tiles →Terrace and balcony waterproofing →Parapets, copings and chajjas →Green roofs, roof gardens and planters →

  6. Building with an underground water tank and a roof tank, both with a lining on the inside faces holding water.6

    Water tanks & pools

    Watertight shells, linings whose data sheet allows drinking-water contact, and pool tiling that stays fixed.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Watertight shell (new work) Waterproofing admixture in tank and pool concrete (SikaControl-760 p.1), with waterbars at construction joints. Underground water tankNew swimming pool (concrete shell)SikaControl-760Sika Waterbar V-20 L SH · ask us
    2. Repair before lining Fill honeycombing and spalls with repair mortar before any coating (06 S4). Honeycombing, blowholes & voidsOverhead water tank (drinking water)SikaRep PKSika MonoTop-612 PK
    3. Drinking-water lining Use only linings whose data sheet states drinking-water suitability (06 F2). Sikagard PW is for experienced professionals; follow local disinfection rules before refilling (Sikagard PW p.1, p.3). Overhead water tank (drinking water)Underground water tankSikaTop-550 SealSikagard PW
    4. Joints in drinking-water tanks Use a sealant tested for drinking water (06 F2, Sikaflex PRO-3 WF p.1). Never polysulphide or Sikaflex Tank N in potable tanks (Polysulphide GG p.2; Tank N p.1). Underground water tankSikaflex PRO-3 WF · ask us
    5. Pool coating, tiles and grout Cementitious waterproof coating, then an adhesive listed for pools (SikaCeram-205 PK p.1) and epoxy grout for indoor pools. Concrete at least 28 days old (SikaCeram-205 p.2). New swimming pool (concrete shell)Leaking or damaged swimming poolEpoxy tile grout (showers, kitchens, hospitals)SikaTop-107 Seal PKSikaCeram-205 PKSikaCeram-850 Design
    6. Fountains and ponds Waterproof coating on the shell; SikaTop-121 is listed as a render for reservoirs and ponds (SikaTop-121 p.1). Fountains, water features & ornamental pondsSikaTop-107 Seal PKSikaTop-121 · ask us

    Overhead water tank (drinking water) →Underground water tank →New swimming pool (concrete shell) →Leaking or damaged swimming pool →Fountains, water features & ornamental ponds →

  7. Building section with a pipe running through each floor and the basement wall, sealed where it passes through.7

    MEP & penetrations

    Every pipe, duct and cable through a wall or slab is a path for water or fire. Seal each one for the job its location needs.

    5 steps at this stage
    1. Pipes through basement and tank walls Swellable profile or sealant around pipes and steelwork through walls and floors (SikaSwell P Profiles p.1), with at least 8 cm cover (SikaSwell S-2 p.2). Pipe and service penetrationsSikaSwell P ProfilesSikaSwell S-2
    2. Leaking pipe entries in existing walls Plug running water around the pipe (SikaSet Waterplug p.1), or inject leaking voids; injection is for experienced professionals only (Sika Injection-306 p.1). Pipe and service penetrationsLeaking cracks & active water seepageSikaSet Waterplug · ask usSika Injection-306 · ask us
    3. Fire-rated penetrations and joints Where a wall or slab has a fire rating, use a fire-rated sealant for joints and penetrations (Sikaflex-400 Fire p.1). Plastic pipes need a fire wrap; follow the limits in the fire classification report (SikaSeal-628 Fire Wrap p.1, p.2). Fire-rated jointsSikaflex-400 FireSikasil-670 FireSikaSeal-628 Fire Wrap · ask us
    4. Pump and equipment bases Non-shrink grout under base plates up to about 75 mm, with chilled water in hot weather (SikaGrout-114 p.2). For anchor bolts, test pull-out if concrete strength is unknown (Sika AnchorFix-1 p.3). Machine foundations & equipment beddingBase plate & bearing groutingChemical anchors, rebar & dowelsSikaGrout-114 PKSika AnchorFix-1
    5. Interior service gaps and ducts Acrylic filler for interior gaps around penetrations and for HVAC duct sealing, where movement is low (Sikacryl-110 p.1). Pipe and service penetrationsSikacryl-110

    Pipe and service penetrations →Fire-rated joints →Leaking cracks & active water seepage →Machine foundations & equipment bedding →Base plate & bearing grouting →Chemical anchors, rebar & dowels →

  8. Upstairs bathroom in a building section with a waterproof coating on the floor turned up the walls, higher at the shower.8

    Bathrooms, kitchens & wet areas

    Waterproof under the tiles before tiling. Leaks into the room below often start here.

    5 steps at this stage
    1. Prepare floor, walls and sunken areas Clean, sound and level; concrete or screed at least 28 days old (SikaCeram-205 p.2). SikaGrout-113 PK lists core grouting of wet areas such as kitchens, bathrooms and terraces (SikaGrout-113 PK p.1). Bathroom waterproofing (under tiles)Kitchen floors, sinks & wash areasSikaGrout-113 PK
    2. Seal cracks Fill non-structural cracks before waterproofing (06 S3). Bathroom waterproofing (under tiles)Sikadur-20 Crack Seal · ask us
    3. Waterproof under the tiles Coat the floor and turn the coating up the walls, at least in the shower area. For vertical tiling over SikaTop-550 Seal, ask us first (SikaTop-550 p.2). Bathroom waterproofing (under tiles)Shower area & walk-in showerKitchen floors, sinks & wash areasSikaTop-550 SealSikaTop-107 Seal PK
    4. Leak into the ceiling below Find the source first: pipes, floor trap or failed grout joints. Sikadur-20 Crack Seal lists repairing floor tile joints for leakage in wet rooms (Sikadur-20 Crack Seal p.1). Toilet or bathroom leaking into the ceiling belowSikadur-20 Crack Seal · ask us
    5. Seal around fittings Mildew-resistant sanitary sealant around basins, tubs and kitchen tops (Sika Sanisil p.1). Sikasil-715 WS also lists wet-area joints around sanitaryware (Sikasil-715 WS p.1). Sanitary sealing (baths, basins, showers and kitchen tops)Sika Sanisil · ask usSikasil-715 WS

    Bathroom waterproofing (under tiles) →Shower area & walk-in shower →Kitchen floors, sinks & wash areas →Toilet or bathroom leaking into the ceiling below →Sanitary sealing (baths, basins, showers and kitchen tops) →

  9. Building section with tiled floors on adhesive and a tiled kitchen wall with grout lines on the ground floor.9

    Tiling & finishes

    The right adhesive and grout for each tile, substrate and room, then a clean finish.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Check and level the substrate Sound, clean and flat; concrete or screed at least 28 days old (SikaCeram-205 p.2). Level uneven floors first: Sikafloor-30 Level (PK) levels screeds and concrete at 4-30 mm (Sikafloor-30 Level PK p.1). Floor tiling (homes, shops and outdoor floors)Sikafloor-30 Level (PK)
    2. Standard wall and floor tiles General adhesive for wall and floor tiles, marble and mosaics; not on gypsum (SikaCeram-90 PK p.2). Wall tiling (rooms, kitchens and bathrooms)Floor tiling (homes, shops and outdoor floors)SikaCeram-90 PKSikaCeram-51 · ask us
    3. Large porcelain, stone, outdoor and tile-on-tile High-performance adhesive for large porcelain, natural stone, outdoor floors and tile-on-tile (SikaCeram-205 PK p.1). Water-sensitive stone: ask us first (SikaCeram-205 p.1). Large-format porcelain tiles and slabsMarble, granite and natural stoneTiling over old tiles (tile-on-tile)External wall and facade tilesSikaCeram-205 PK
    4. Grout the joints Cement grout for most floors and walls; epoxy grout for showers, kitchens and hygiene areas (SikaCeram-850 Design p.1). Never use strong acids to remove hardened grout (SikaCeram-600 p.1). Cement tile grout (everyday floors and walls)Epoxy tile grout (showers, kitchens, hospitals)SikaCeram-600 Tile Grout PK · ask usSikaCeram-850 DesignSikaCeram-855 · ask us
    5. Chemical and thermal areas Chemical-resistant grout for labs, food plants and thermal or salt-water pools; experienced professionals only (Sikadur-54 Ceramic p.1). Chemical-resistant tile grout and beddingSikadur-54 CeramicSikaCeram RSG 705 · ask us
    6. Clean after tiling Remove grout haze and stains with a tile cleaner made for ceramic and porcelain tiles (SikaCeram-951 Surface Stain Remover p.1). Cement tile grout (everyday floors and walls)SikaCeram-951 Surface Stain Remover · ask usSikaCeram-951 Care Cleaner · ask us

    Wall tiling (rooms, kitchens and bathrooms) →Floor tiling (homes, shops and outdoor floors) →Large-format porcelain tiles and slabs →Marble, granite and natural stone →Tiling over old tiles (tile-on-tile) →External wall and facade tiles →Cement tile grout (everyday floors and walls) →Epoxy tile grout (showers, kitchens, hospitals) →Chemical-resistant tile grout and bedding →

  10. Building with a sealed movement joint between two halves and sealant around every window frame.10

    Joints, windows & façades

    Seal expansion joints, window frames, glazing and facade joints so rain and dust stay out while the building moves.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Prepare every joint Clean, dry, sound edges; insert a closed-cell backer rod to set the depth (Sika Polysulphide GG p.3). Prime where the data sheet asks. Building expansion and movement jointsSika Primer PS
    2. Building and facade movement joints Elastic sealant for movement and connection joints on porous substrates (Sikaflex Construction AP p.1). Building expansion and movement jointsFacade joints (concrete, block, precast and cladding)Sikaflex Construction AP · ask usSikaflex AT Facade · ask us
    3. Window and door frames Seal the gap between frame and wall on the outside with an elastic sealant that lists window and door frames (Sikaflex AT Connection p.1). Window and door frame sealingSikaflex AT Connection · ask us
    4. Glazing and curtain walls Silicone weather sealant for curtain walls and metal cladding (Sikasil-715 WS p.1). Glazing, curtain walls and shopfrontsSikasil WS-305 S · ask usSikasil-715 WS
    5. Protect the facade Water-repellent impregnation on brick and stone (Sikagard-700 S PK p.1), or a protective coloured coating on concrete at least 28 days old (Sikagard-680 S p.4). Damp external walls (rain penetration)Protective coatings & water repellents for concreteSikagard-700 S PKSikagard-680 S Betoncolor
    6. Fire-rated joints Where the wall or slab has a fire rating, use a fire-rated joint sealant (Sikaflex-400 Fire p.1). Fire-rated jointsSikaflex-400 Fire

    Building expansion and movement joints →Facade joints (concrete, block, precast and cladding) →Window and door frame sealing →Glazing, curtain walls and shopfronts →Fire-rated joints →Damp external walls (rain penetration) →

  11. Building section with a coated basement car-park floor holding a car and a coated ground floor above.11

    Floors & parking

    Dust-free, hard-wearing floors and joints that take traffic, from warehouses to car-park decks.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. New slab: hardener and curing Dry-shake hardener on fresh concrete, slab at least 15 cm (Sikafloor-5 p.2), then a liquid hardener. Both are for experienced professionals (Sikafloor CureHard-24 p.1). Warehouse floor hardeners (dry-shake)Concrete curingSikafloor-5 Chapdur Premix (PK)Sikafloor CureHard-24
    2. Resin floor: check and prime Concrete at least 25 N/mm², pull-off 1.5 N/mm², no rising moisture (Sikafloor-161 p.5). On a damp slab, apply a temporary moisture barrier first (06 S5, Sikagard-720 EpoCem p.1). Epoxy industrial floorsSikafloor-161 · ask usSikagard-720 EpoCem
    3. Resin wearing layer Self-smoothing or roller-coat epoxy; a decorative version is listed for offices, shops and labs (Sikafloor-263 SL Décor p.1). Epoxy industrial floorsDecorative floorsSikafloor-263 SL · ask usSikafloor-264Sikafloor-263 SL Décor
    4. Heavy chemical, thermal and food areas Polyurethane-cement floor with a coving mortar at the walls (Sikafloor-29 PurCem p.1); experienced professionals only (Sikafloor-21 PurCem p.1). Polyurethane & elastic floorsFood, beverage & chemical floorsSikafloor-21 PurCemSikafloor-29 PurCem
    5. Car-park decks and ramps Crack-bridging wearing course listed for car park decks and loading ramps (Sikafloor-3240 p.1); Sikafloor-264 is listed as a seal coat for car parks (Sikafloor-264 p.1). Car-park decks & rampsSikafloor-3240Sikafloor-264
    6. Floor joints Traffic-grade joint sealant (Sikaflex PRO-3 p.1). Fuel stations and bunds: Sikaflex Tank N, professional applicators only (Sikaflex Tank N p.1). Floor joints in car parks, warehouses and roadsSikaflex PRO-3Sikaflex Tank N

    Warehouse floor hardeners (dry-shake) →Concrete curing →Epoxy industrial floors →Decorative floors →Polyurethane & elastic floors →Food, beverage & chemical floors →Car-park decks & ramps →Floor joints in car parks, warehouses and roads →

  12. Weathered building with a patched column, an injected wall crack and a renewed roof coating.12

    Handover, maintenance & repair

    Inspect before handover and every year before the monsoon. Fix leaks, cracks, spalling and rusting steel while they are small.

    6 steps at this stage
    1. Pre-monsoon inspection Check roof coatings, outlets, joints, tank linings and wet-area grout. Photograph anything wrong and send the photos to us. Exposed roof waterproofingBuilding expansion and movement joints
    2. Cracks Structural cracks need an engineer's assessment first. Dry or damp cracks: epoxy injection, not for wet cracks (Sikadur-52 LP p.2). Leaking cracks: injection for water-bearing cracks (Sika Injection-306 p.1). Structural cracks in beams, columns & slabsLeaking cracks & active water seepageSurface & plaster cracks (non-structural)Sikadur-52 LP · ask usSika Injection-306 · ask usSikadur-20 Crack Seal · ask us
    3. Spalling concrete and rusting steel Break out, clean the steel, prime, rebuild, then protect the sound concrete around the repair (06 S7). Keep FerroGard away from aluminium, copper and galvanised steel (06 F7). Spalling concrete (chhajja, balcony, beam, column)Rusting reinforcement (rebar corrosion)Honeycombing, blowholes & voidsSika MonoTop-610SikaRep PKSika FerroGard-903 Plus
    4. Strengthening and jacketing Only to an engineer's design. Fibre wrapping is for experienced professionals only (SikaWrap-300 C p.1). Structural strengthening (FRP wrapping)Column jacketing with micro-concreteSikaWrap-300 C · ask usSikadur-330 · ask usSikacrete-114 PK
    5. Protective coatings Coat after repairs, on concrete at least 28 days old (Sikagard-550 W Elastic p.3). Hydrophobic impregnation is listed for chloride and marine exposure (Sikagard-705 L p.1). Protective coatings & water repellents for concreteChemical-resistant protection (tanks, bunds, sewage)Sikagard-680 S BetoncolorSikagard-550 W Elastic · ask usSikagard-705 L
    6. Damp walls and leaking roofs Rising damp: chemical damp-proof course injection (SikaMur InjectoCream-100 p.1). Leaking roof: recoat as in the exposed roof guide (06 S1). Rising damp in wallsExposed roof waterproofingToilet or bathroom leaking into the ceiling belowSikaMur InjectoCream-100Sikalastic-510 PK

    Structural cracks in beams, columns & slabs →Leaking cracks & active water seepage →Surface & plaster cracks (non-structural) →Spalling concrete (chhajja, balcony, beam, column) →Rusting reinforcement (rebar corrosion) →Honeycombing, blowholes & voids →Structural strengthening (FRP wrapping) →Column jacketing with micro-concrete →Protective coatings & water repellents for concrete →Chemical-resistant protection (tanks, bunds, sewage) →Rising damp in walls →Exposed roof waterproofing →

Pictures: MCT technical illustrations (schematic, not to scale). Solutions are drafts pending technical sign-off.